1. Simple Pinning: A minimally invasive procedure where pins or wires are inserted into a fractured bone to stabilize it, allowing for proper healing. This technique is often used for fractures in children or non-displaced fractures. 2. Sophisticated Pinning: An advanced method of internal fixation that may involve the use of specialized hardware, such as plates and screws, in addition to pins. This technique is used for more complex fractures or when additional stability is required. 3. Knee Replacement: A surgical procedure in which a damaged or arthritic knee joint is replaced with an artificial joint (prosthesis). This can be total (replacing both sides of the knee) or partial (replacing only one side) and aims to relieve pain and restore function. 4. Pelvic Joint Replacement: A surgical intervention that replaces the damaged or diseased hip joint with an artificial implant. This procedure, often referred to as hip replacement, is performed to alleviate pain and improve mobility in patients with severe hip conditions. 5. Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive surgical technique that uses an arthroscope (a small camera) to visualize, diagnose, and treat joint problems. It allows surgeons to perform procedures such as repairing torn ligaments, removing loose cartilage, or cleaning out joint debris through small incisions.